Some sources state one hundred and nine pilots were credited with more than 100 enemy aircraft. The result was a highly effective fighter, but the operational circumstances of the … It also allowed simplification of the wing structure, since it did not have to bear the loads imposed during takeoff or landing. A large hole was cut through the spar allowing the cannon to be fitted with the ammunition feed forward of the spar, while the breech block projected rearward through the spar. [46] A total of 208 F-1s were built between August 1940 and February 1941 by Messerschmitt Regensburg and the Wiener Neustädter Flugzeugwerke (WNF).[49]. [61] From 1944 a new high-altitude propeller with broader blades was introduced, designated VDM 9-12159, and was fitted to high-altitude variants with the DB 605AS or D-series engines. [100] The standard Revi 16C reflector sight was fitted, which was slated to be replaced by the EZ 42 Gyro gunsight, although this never happened. A 60-round ammunition drum was placed in a space closer to the wing root causing a bulge in the underside. In January 1939 the first … Because most fighter pilots of the Luftwaffe were used to biplanes with open cockpits, low wing loading, light g-forces and easy handling like the Heinkel He 51, they were very critical of the Bf 109 at first. A new three-blade, light-alloy VDM propeller unit with a reduced diameter of 3 m (9 ft 8.5 in) was used. Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a German fighter aircraft. Faction. A fighter was designed primarily for high-speed flight. Bf 109F "Friedrich" Messerschmitt Bf 109 F-2After February 1940 an improved engine, the Daimler-Benz DB601E, was developed for use with the Bf 109. [69][64] Separately, Erla employed thousands of concentration camp prisoners at Buchenwald on 109 production. The early versions of the Bf 109G closely resembled the Bf 109 F-4 and carried the same basic armament; however, as the basic airframe was modified to keep pace with different operational requirements, the basically clean design began to change. The cockpit canopy was also revised to an easier-to-produce, "squared-off" design, which also helped improve the pilot's field of view. The Bf 109 was flown by the three top-scoring fighter aces of all time, who claimed 928 victories among them while flying with Jagdgeschwader 52, mainly on the Eastern Front. The air group for the carrier was settled on Messerschmitt Bf 109T fighters and Ju 87C dive bombers. [32], The much longer and heavier MG FF had to be mounted farther along the wing in an outer bay. [nb 7] Thirteen of these men scored more than 200 kills, while two scored more than 300. [64], The Austrian resistance group, led by Heinrich Maier, very successfully passed on plans and production facilities in the Austrian area for Messerschmitt Bf 109 to the Allies from 1943. Four variants of this aircraft were proposed. Small wheel well doors, originally planned for the G series, were fitted to the outer ends of the wheel bays, covering the outer wheels when retracted. The E-1 production version kept two 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 17s above the engine and two more in the wings. The basic mock-up was completed by May, and a more detailed design mock-up was ready by January 1935. Fighters with liquid-cooled engines were vulnerable to hits in the cooling system. Messerschmitt 109 – myths versus facts. More aerial kills were made with the Bf 109 than any other aircraft of World War II. In Game [edit | edit … The Finnish Air Force did not retire their Bf 109Gs until March 1954. This page details the development and operational history of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 including technical specifications and pictures. It is notable as the first fighter obtained by the Israeli Air Force, and used during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Special high-altitude interceptors with GM-1 nitrous oxide injection high-altitude boost and pressurized cockpits were also produced. [101], Power in production K-4s was supplied by the Daimler-Benz DB 605 DB/DC engine (very early K-4s used the earlier DM). The problem was that the only place available to mount additional guns was in the wings. [19] Experienced pilots reported that the swing was easy to control, but some of the less-experienced pilots lost fighters on takeoff. [12][13] Messerschmitt is listed as having produced only four Bf 109Ds, probably the D-0 preproduction series with the serial production transferred to the licensed manufacturers. Later, many were modified to the E-3 armament standard. An instructor's cockpit was added behind the original cockpit and both were covered by an elongated, glazed canopy. According to RLM documentation 22 aircraft were ordered and delivered with V4 as the A-series prototype. The creation of machines like the Bf109 was part of this rearmament. It was powered by a liquid-cooled, inverted-V12 aero engine. GM-1-boosted G-5 and G-6 variants received the additional designation of "/U2". [7], A total of 341 Bf 109 B-1s were built by Messerschmitt, Fieseler, and the Erla Maschinenwerke. The introduction of the WGr. [78] If shot down, the Luftwaffe pilots might land or parachute to friendly territory and return to fight again. [40] In 1941 "cutoff" valves were introduced which allowed the pilot to shut down either wing radiator in the event of one being damaged; this allowed the remaining coolant to be preserved and the damaged aircraft returned to base. Luftfahrt Archiv Hafner, Ludwigsburg, pp. In these GM-1 nitrous oxide 'boost' was used, and the pilot's back armour was removed, as were all fittings for the long-range drop tank. Armour weight was increased to 90 kg (200 lb). Though externally akin to the late production Bf 109G series, a large number of internal changes and aerodynamic improvements were incorporated that improved its effectiveness and remedied flaws, keeping it competitive with the latest Allied and Soviet fighters. [71] Up to July 1943, 1,242 G-4s were produced, with an additional four in Győr and WNF factories in the second half of 1943. If, God forbid, you turned off the engine at high pitch, it was impossible to turn the propeller and was very hard to start the engine again. National Museum of the United States Air Force, "The Bf 109 H with 5. Pg. [4] From the end of 1941, the Bf 109 was steadily supplanted by the Focke-Wulf Fw 190. The G-1, produced from February 1942, was the first production version of the G-series and the first production Bf 109 with a pressurized cockpit. Most aircraft of the era used two spars, near the front and rear edges of the wings, but the D-box was much stiffer torsionally, and eliminated the need for the rear spar. A high-altitude fighter, designated G-14/AS was also produced with the DB 605ASM high-altitude engine. Bf 109H-2 and H-5 developments were also planned, but the entire H-series was scrapped because of wing flutter problems. Two small inlet scoops for additional cooling of the spark plugs were added on both sides of the forward engine cowlings. Communications equipment was the FuG 7 Funkgerät 7 (radio set) short-range radio apparatus, effective to ranges of 48–56 km (30–35 mi). It was a GermanWorld War IIaircraft. A few G-1 flown by I./JG 1 are known to have carried the underwing 20 mm MG 151/20 cannon gondolas.[64]. The aircraft was also flown by Hans-Joachim Marseille, the highest-scoring ace in the North African Campaign who shot down 158 enemy aircraft (in about a third of the time). The Bf 109TL would be a backup if the Me 262 did not come to production or as a second fighter to operate alongside the Me 262. The Bf 109F-0 powered by a DB 601N engine and evaluated by the Luftwaffe late in 1940. The Heinkel He 112, based on a scaled-down Blitz, was the favourite of the Luftwaffe leaders. Through constant development, the Bf 109 remained competitive with the latest Allied fighter aircraft until the end of the war. The wing was a low cantilever design fitted with flaps, while the canopy was enclosed, featuring retractable landing gear and a tailwheel, armed with machine guns and cannons. [33][36], Some of the projected 109K-series models, such as the K-6, were designed to carry 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannons in the wings. Modifications included a reinforced wing structure, an internal bullet-proof windscreen, the use of heavier, welded framing for the cockpit transparencies, and additional light-alloy armour for the fuel tank. During the production run a variable-pitch propeller was introduced and often retrofitted to older aircraft; these were then unofficially known as B-2s. [8] Power was to be provided by the new Junkers Jumo 210 engine of about 522 kW (700 hp). Dimensione Cielo – Aerei italiani nella 2° guerra mondiale – CACCIA ASSALTO 3 -Roma, Edizioni Bizzarri, 1972. Early in 1940, Messerschmitt designed a major improvement to the Bf 109. Developed from the V10 and V13 prototypes, the Bf 109D was the standard version of the Bf 109 in service with the Luftwaffe just before the start of World War II. Also, because of the engine's enlarged crankcase and the oil return lines which ran in front of it, these G-10s had small blister fairings incorporated into the lower engine cowlings, forward of and below the exhaust stacks, except for Erla-built aircraft, which had modified cowlings without the little bulges in front of the exhaust stacks. [49] No tropical version was built, although F-2s were fitted with sand filters in the field. It was designed by Willy Messerschmitt and Robert Lusser who worked at Bayerische Flugzeugwerke during the early to mid-1930s. As noted above, Czech pilots who had previously flown Spitfires for the RAF nicknamed the aircraft Mezek ("Mule"). Two airframes are listed as delivered to II./JG52 under Major Wilhelm Batz in late spring of 1945, these being armed with only one 30 mm (1.18 in) cannon, but the type's existence cannot be positively confirmed. [24] Early E-7s were fitted with the 1,100 PS DB 601A or 1,175 PS DB 601Aa engine, while late-production ones received 1,175 PS DB 601N engines with improved altitude performance – the latter was designated as E-7/N. The following variants of the G-1 and G-2 were produced: In September 1942, the G-4 appeared; this version was identical to the G-2 in all aspects, including performance, except for being fitted with the FuG 16 VHF radio set, which provided much clearer radio transmissions and had three-times the range of the earlier HF sets. The Bf 109Ts were issued to several training units in 1943. Small, triangular armour-glass panels were fitted into the upper corners of this armour, although there were aircraft in which the plate was solid steel. On 30 March 1939, test pilot Hans Dieterle surpassed that record, reaching 746.61 km/h (463.92 mph) with the He 100 V8. Even the maiden flight date is not known; it is established that Hermann Wurster flew it at Augsburg on 17 August 1939. XIV and Hawker Tempest Mk. [21] The E-4 was also available as a fighter-bomber with equipment very similar to the previous E-1/B. [12], The E-5 and E-6 were both reconnaissance variants with a camera installation behind the cockpit. Batches of both E-1 and E-3 variants were shipped to Spain for evaluation, and first saw combat during the final phases of the Spanish Civil War. [75] The G-5/AS was equipped with a DB 605AS engine for high-altitude missions. This meant that pilots had to taxi in a sinuous fashion which also imposed stresses on the splayed undercarriage legs. Equipped with Daimler-Benz DB 605 A-1 engine rated at 1574 hp, it was able to reach the speed of 640 kph at 6000 metres. [Notes 4] The D/F loop was moved aft to sit between frames three and four on the fuselage spine and a small circular plate above the footstep on the port side of the fuselage was deleted. Bf 109s remained in foreign service for many years after World War II. [50] In the early years of the war, the Bf 109 was the only single-engined fighter operated by the Luftwaffe, until the appearance of the Fw 190. Pilots from Italy, Romania, Croatia, Bulgaria, and Hungary also flew the Bf 109. The DB/DC engine had an adjusting screw allowing the engine to use either B4 + MW 50 Methanol Water injection equipment or C3 fuel (DB 605 DB) or C3 fuel with or without MW 50 (DB 605 DC). To this end, the entire engine cowling was made up of large, easily removable panels which were secured by large toggle latches. The 109 remained in production from 1937 through 1945 in many different variants and sub-variants. This weapon had been used sporadically throughout the G series as supplies permitted. Luftwaffe. The conformal gun pods, exclusive of ammunition, weighed 135 kg (298 lb);[34] and 135 to 145 rounds were provided per gun. With the early tail unit problems out of the way, pilots generally agreed that the F series was the best-handling of all the Bf 109 series. Because the radiators were mounted near the trailing edge of the wing, coinciding with the increased speed of the airflow accelerating around the wing camber, cooling was more effective than that of the Jumo engined 109s, albeit at the cost of extra ducting and piping, which was vulnerable to damage. While making an evasive manoeuvre, the wings broke away and Balthasar was killed when his aircraft hit the ground. [104] The DC ran on C3 fuel and had a potential to generate 2,000 PS when using C3 fuel with MW 50, and a boost of 1.98 ata, but otherwise the power ratings were similar to that of the DB. The C-3 was planned with 20 mm MG FF cannons replacing the two MG 17s in the wings, but it is not known how many C-3s (if any) were built or converted. The Messerschmitt Bf 109 is a German World War II fighter aircraft that was, along with the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, the backbone of the Luftwaffe's fighter force. For this reason, on later Bf 109 F, and K models, the two coolant radiators were equipped with a cut-off system. [108] Without MW 50 and using 1.80 ata the K-4 reached 670 km/h (416 mph) at 9,000 m (30,000 ft). 10 von 01.01.1939 (Deliveries up to 31.12.1938), RLM Lieferplan Nr. Green 1980, pp. The leading edge slats and ailerons would flutter rapidly in fast tight turns, making targeting and control difficult, and eventually putting the aircraft into a stall. It speeded up very fast, if you dived a little. Here, long-range fighter-reconnaissance and high-altitude interceptors can be mentioned. Avia S-199 Avia S-199 at Muzeyon Heyl ha-Avir, Hatzerim, Israel Role … [16] After test fights, the V14 was considered more promising and a pre-production batch of 10 E-0 was ordered. In Finland, the Bf 109 was known as Mersu, although this was originally the Finnish nickname for Mercedes-Benz cars. [93], A record exists of one particular Bf 109H-1, Werknummer 110073, was recorded as having been converted to a photo-recon aircraft by a Luftwaffe long-range reconnaissance group, Fernaufklärungsgruppe 123, in May 1944, and flown on dates immediately following the Invasion of Normandy with one mission meant to scan the entire French coastline from Cherbourg to Ouistreham, from an altitude of some 15 km (49,200 ft), which proved to be just beyond the achievable ceiling of the selected aircraft. It was found that the performance of the T-2 was closely comparable to the E-4/N and, because of its ability to take off and land in shorter distances, these fighters were assigned to I/JG.77, deployed in Norway on landing strips which were both short and subject to frequent, powerful cross-winds. [4] It was conceived as an interceptor, although later models were developed to fulfill multiple tasks, serving as bomber escort, fighter-bomber, day-, night-, all-weather fighter, ground-attack aircraft, and reconnaissance aircraft. Slightly thicker wing skins and reinforced spars dealt with the wing problems. First, it had an engine of an inverted type, so it could not be knocked out from below. It was supplied to several states during World War II, and served with several countries for many years after the war. Messerschmitt Bf 109 F: All Models Mariusz Łukasik. 760 km/h (470 mph), and an operational altitude of 12,000 m (39,000 ft) was projected. The pilot cockpit used in the prototypes was the same as utilized in the Bf 109E/G types. This problem was resolved much later in the war. (F)/123: May–July 1944", Photo "walkaround" of Messerschmitt Bf 109G-5. It was commonly referred to as the Me 109 after its designer, Willy Messerschmitt. This was later borne out in combat situations and aerobatic testing by various countries' test establishments. The wings featured the large rectangular fairings for the large 660 mm × 190 mm (26.0 in × 7.5 in) main wheels. [71] In order to make the new production facilities bomb-proof, other prisoners were forced to build tunnels so that production could be relocated underground. The result of the studies was four broad outlines for future aircraft: Despite the earlier odds of being issued a contract for a production fighter aircraft, Willy Messerschmitt had been developing the Bf 109A alongside the Bf 108A. These were designated F-4/R1 and 240 of them were produced by WNF in the first quarter of 1942. A radio-navigational method, the Y-Verführung (Y-Guidance) was introduced with the FuG 16ZY.[81]. [12], Initially, the Bf 109 was regarded with disfavour by E-Stelle test pilots because of its steep ground angle, which resulted in poor forward visibility when taxiing; the sideways-hinged cockpit canopy, which could not be opened in flight; and the automatic leading edge slats on the wings which, it was thought, would inadvertently open during aerobatics, possibly leading to crashes. The company was renamed Messerschmitt AG after 11 July 1938 when Erhard Milch finally allowed Willy Messerschmitt to acquire the company. By March 1943, it was decided that many other modifications to components would be needed and the project was abandoned in order to concentrate on the Me 262 project. [78] The weapons system received the designation of Rüstsatz VII on the G-10. "Developing Power: Daimler-Benz and the Messerschmitt Bf 109. [103][Notes 5] A wide-chord, three-bladed VDM 9-12159A propeller of 3 m (9.8 ft) diameter was used, as on the G-6/AS, G-14/AS and G-10. Tests were also carried out to find out why the tails had failed, and it was found that at certain engine settings a high-frequency oscillation in the tailplane spar was overlapped by harmonic vibrations from the engine; the combined effect being enough to cause structural failure at the rear fuselage/fin attachment point. Considered by many as the high-water mark of Bf 109 development, the F series abandoned the wing cannon and concentrated all armament in the forward fuselage with a pair of synchronized machine guns above and a single 15 or 20 mm Motorkanone-mount cannon behind the engine, the latter firing between the cylinder banks and through the propeller hub, itself covered by a more streamlined, half-elliptical shaped spinner that better matched the streamlining of the reshaped cowling, abandoning the smaller, conical spinner of the Emil subtype. The Bf 109 remained comparable to opposing fighters until the end of the war but the deteriorating quality of the thousands of novice Luftwaffe pilots pressed into service by this stage of the war meant the 109's strengths were of little value against the numerous and well-trained Allied fighter pilots. The E-1B was a small batch of E-1s that became the first operational Bf 109 fighter bomber, or Jagdbomber (usually abbreviated to Jabo). [45] Mölders flew one of the first operational Bf 109 F-1s over England from early October 1940; he may well have been credited with shooting down eight Hurricanes and four Spitfires while flying W.No 5628, Stammkennzeichen SG+GW between 11 and 29 October 1940. 41–45, 63–64, 76–81, 82–83. [19] The engine was held in two large, forged, Elektron magnesium alloy Y-shaped legs, one per side straddling the engine block, which were cantilevered from the firewall. In addition, the angled armour plate for the pilot's head was replaced by a vertical piece which sealed-off the rear of the side-hinged cockpit canopy. The following variants of the G-3 and G-4 were produced: In February 1943, the G-6 was introduced with the 13 mm (.51 in) MG 131s, replacing the smaller 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 17 – externally this resulted in two sizeable Beule blisters over the gun breeches, reducing speed by 9 km/h (6 mph). The Messerschmitt Bf 109was a fighter aircraftusually called the Me 109. Of course, everyone wanted to fly it as soon as possible.". The cowling was streamlined, the spinner enlarged, the propeller blades widened and shortened, … [78] The rockets, fitted with a massive 40.8 kg (90 lbs) warhead, were aimed via the standard Revi reflector sights, and were spin-stabilized in flight. In the early years of the war, the Bf 109 was the only single-engined fighter operated by the Luftwaffe, until the appearance of the Fw 190. In one such accident, the commander of JG 2 "Richthofen", Wilhelm Balthasar, lost his life when he was attacked by a Spitfire during a test flight. 21 cm (8 in) under-wing mortar/rockets and the 30 mm (1.18 in) MK 108 cannon increased firepower. [64] The Flossenbürg camp system had become a key supplier of Bf 109 parts by February 1944, when Messerschmitt's Regensburg plant was bombed again during "Big Week". The "F" model was planned to include structural and aerodynamic changes and a higher performance powerplant, the 1350 horsepower DB 601E. After February 1940, an improved engine, the Daimler-Benz DB 601E, was developed for use with the Bf 109. [105][106] Regensburg delivered a total of 1,593 by the end of March 1945, after which production figures are missing. Also includes pull-out drawings in 1/32 scale (Bf 109F-2/B and Bf 109F-4/R1), 4 pages of … , & messerschmitt bf 109 cannon series shallower and set farther back on the 109F, was developed German! 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